.\" $OpenBSD: EVP_AEAD_CTX_init.3,v 1.8 2019/03/21 14:12:48 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2014, Google Inc.
.\" Parts of the text were written by Adam Langley and David Benjamin.
.\" Copyright (c) 2015 Reyk Floeter <reyk@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: March 21 2019 $
.Dt EVP_AEAD_CTX_INIT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm EVP_AEAD_CTX_init ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_CTX_cleanup ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_CTX_open ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_key_length ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_max_overhead ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_max_tag_len ,
.Nm EVP_AEAD_nonce_length ,
.Nm EVP_aead_aes_128_gcm ,
.Nm EVP_aead_aes_256_gcm ,
.Nm EVP_aead_chacha20_poly1305 ,
.Nm EVP_aead_xchacha20_poly1305
.Nd authenticated encryption with additional data
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In openssl/evp.h
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_AEAD_CTX_init
.Fa "EVP_AEAD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD *aead"
.Fa "const unsigned char *key"
.Fa "size_t key_len"
.Fa "size_t tag_len"
.Fa "ENGINE *impl"
.Fc
.Ft void
.Fo EVP_AEAD_CTX_cleanup
.Fa "EVP_AEAD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_AEAD_CTX_open
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "unsigned char *out"
.Fa "size_t *out_len"
.Fa "size_t max_out_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *nonce"
.Fa "size_t nonce_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *in"
.Fa "size_t in_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *ad"
.Fa "size_t ad_len"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "unsigned char *out"
.Fa "size_t *out_len"
.Fa "size_t max_out_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *nonce"
.Fa "size_t nonce_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *in"
.Fa "size_t in_len"
.Fa "const unsigned char *ad"
.Fa "size_t ad_len"
.Fc
.Ft size_t
.Fo EVP_AEAD_key_length
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD *aead"
.Fc
.Ft size_t
.Fo EVP_AEAD_max_overhead
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD *aead"
.Fc
.Ft size_t
.Fo EVP_AEAD_max_tag_len
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD *aead"
.Fc
.Ft size_t
.Fo EVP_AEAD_nonce_length
.Fa "const EVP_AEAD *aead"
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_AEAD *
.Fo EVP_aead_aes_128_gcm
.Fa void
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_AEAD *
.Fo EVP_aead_aes_256_gcm
.Fa void
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_AEAD *
.Fo EVP_aead_chacha20_poly1305
.Fa void
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_AEAD *
.Fo EVP_aead_xchacha20_poly1305
.Fa void
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Additional Data) couples
confidentiality and integrity in a single primitive.
AEAD algorithms take a key and can then seal and open individual
messages.
Each message has a unique, per-message nonce and, optionally, additional
data which is authenticated but not included in the output.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_init
initializes the context
.Fa ctx
for the given AEAD algorithm
.Fa aead .
The
.Fa impl
argument must be
.Dv NULL
for the default implementation;
other values are currently not supported.
Authentication tags may be truncated by passing a tag length.
A tag length of zero indicates the default tag length should be used.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_cleanup
frees any data allocated for the context
.Fa ctx .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_open
authenticates the input
.Fa in
and optional additional data
.Fa ad ,
decrypting the input and writing it as output
.Fa out .
This function may be called (with the same
.Vt EVP_AEAD_CTX )
concurrently with itself or with
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal .
At most the number of input bytes are written as output.
In order to ensure success,
.Fa max_out_len
should be at least the same as the input length
.Fa in_len .
On successful return
.Fa out_len
is set to the actual number of bytes written.
The length of the
.Fa nonce
specified with
.Fa nonce_len
must be equal to the result of EVP_AEAD_nonce_length for this AEAD.
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_open
never results in partial output.
If
.Fa max_out_len
is insufficient, zero will be returned and
.Fa out_len
will be set to zero.
If the input and output are aliased then
.Fa out
must be <=
.Fa in .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal
encrypts and authenticates the input and authenticates any additional
data provided in
.Fa ad ,
the encrypted input and authentication tag being written as output
.Fa out .
This function may be called (with the same
.Vt EVP_AEAD_CTX )
concurrently with itself or with
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_open .
At most
.Fa max_out_len
bytes are written as output and, in order to ensure success, this value
should be the
.Fa in_len
plus the result of
.Fn EVP_AEAD_max_overhead .
On successful return,
.Fa out_len
is set to the actual number of bytes written.
The length of the
.Fa nonce
specified with
.Fa nonce_len
must be equal to the result of
.Fn EVP_AEAD_nonce_length
for this AEAD.
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal
never results in a partial output.
If
.Fa max_out_len
is insufficient, zero will be returned and
.Fa out_len
will be set to zero.
If the input and output are aliased then
.Fa out
must be <=
.Fa in .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_key_length ,
.Fn EVP_AEAD_max_overhead ,
.Fn EVP_AEAD_max_tag_len ,
and
.Fn EVP_AEAD_nonce_length
provide information about the AEAD algorithm
.Fa aead .
.Pp
All cipher algorithms have a fixed key length unless otherwise stated.
The following ciphers are available:
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
.It Fn EVP_aead_aes_128_gcm
AES-128 in Galois Counter Mode.
.It Fn EVP_aead_aes_256_gcm
AES-256 in Galois Counter Mode.
.It Fn EVP_aead_chacha20_poly1305
ChaCha20 with a Poly1305 authenticator.
.It Fn EVP_aead_xchacha20_poly1305
XChaCha20 with a Poly1305 authenticator.
.El
.Pp
Where possible the
.Sy EVP_AEAD
interface to AEAD ciphers should be used in preference to the older
.Sy EVP
variants or to the low level interfaces.
This is because the code then becomes transparent to the AEAD cipher
used and much more flexible.
It is also safer to use as it prevents common mistakes with the native APIs.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_init ,
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_open ,
and
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal
return 1 for success or zero for failure.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_key_length
returns the length of the key used for this AEAD.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_max_overhead
returns the maximum number of additional bytes added by the act of
sealing data with the AEAD.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_max_tag_len
returns the maximum tag length when using this AEAD.
This is the largest value that can be passed as a tag length to
.Fn EVP_AEAD_CTX_init .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_AEAD_nonce_length
returns the length of the per-message nonce.
.Sh EXAMPLES
Encrypt a string using ChaCha20-Poly1305:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
const EVP_AEAD *aead = EVP_aead_chacha20_poly1305();
static const unsigned char nonce[32] = {0};
size_t buf_len, nonce_len;
EVP_AEAD_CTX ctx;

EVP_AEAD_CTX_init(&ctx, aead, key32, EVP_AEAD_key_length(aead),
    EVP_AEAD_DEFAULT_TAG_LENGTH, NULL);
nonce_len = EVP_AEAD_nonce_length(aead);

EVP_AEAD_CTX_seal(&ctx, out, &out_len, BUFSIZE, nonce,
    nonce_len, in, in_len, NULL, 0);

EVP_AEAD_CTX_cleanup(&ctx);
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr evp 3
.Sh STANDARDS
.Rs
.%A A. Langley
.%A W. Chang
.%D November 2013
.%R draft-agl-tls-chacha20poly1305-04
.%T ChaCha20 and Poly1305 based Cipher Suites for TLS
.Re
.Pp
.Rs
.%A Y. Nir
.%A A. Langley
.%D May 2015
.%R RFC 7539
.%T ChaCha20 and Poly1305 for IETF Protocols
.Re
.Pp
.Rs
.%A S. Arciszewski
.%D October 2018
.%R draft-arciszewski-xchacha-02
.%T XChaCha: eXtended-nonce ChaCha and AEAD_XChaCha20_Poly1305
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
AEAD is based on the implementation by
.An Adam Langley
for Chromium/BoringSSL and first appeared in
.Ox 5.6 .