--- title: pirania ref: pirania lang: en --- == Readme ____ ![PIRANHA](https://i.imgur.com/kHWUNOu.png) ## Voucher and Captive Portal solution for community networks This tool allows an administrator to manage a voucher system to get through the gateway. It could be used in a community that wants to share an Internet connection and for that the user's pay a fraction each, but needs the payment from everyone. So the vouchers allows to control the payments via the control of the access to Internet. Additionally vouchers usage can be deactivated in order to use the captive portal only to show valuable information for network visitors. ## Features This are the currently implemented features: * Runs directly from the OpenWRT/LEDE router: no need for extra hardware * Integrates it's administration with Ubus and LiMe App * Has a command-line interface for listing, creating and removing vouchers * Voucher database is shared among nodes in the network * Portal "splash" screen content (logo, title, main text, etc) is distributed accross the network. * Can be used without vouchers. ## Prerequisites This software assumes that will be running on a OpenWRT/LEDE distribution (because uses uci for config). Needs `ip6tables-mod-nat` and `ipset` packages installed. ## Install * add the libremesh software feed to opkg * opkg install pirania ## Command line `epoc` is expressed in [Unix Timestamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) format. You can use a tool like [unixtimestamp.com](https://www.unixtimestamp.com/) to get a date in the correct format. ### `captive_portal status` Prints the status of pirania: enabled or disabled. ### `captive_portal start` Starts pirania. If you want pirania to automatically turn on use: `uci set pirania.base_config.enabled=1 && uci commit` ### `captive_portal stop` Stops pirania. If you want pirania to stop automatically turning on use: `uci set pirania.base_config.enabled=0 && uci commit` #### `voucher list` Lists all the vouchers. ### `voucher list_active` List all the vouchers that are currently active. ### `voucher add` Create a new voucher. This voucher will start deactivated and not bonded to any device. Params: - `name`: a name used to identify the voucher - `duration-m`: duration of the voucher in minutes. If no value is provided a permanent voucher will be created. The duration takes affect when the voucher is activated. - `activation-deadline`: after this date (unix time) the voucher cannot be activated. To create a 60 minutes voucher Ex.: `voucher add my-voucher-name 60` ### `voucher activate` Activates a voucher, asigning a mac address. After the activation, the device with this MAC address will have internet access. Params: - `secret-code`: the password of the voucher. - `mac`: the MAC address of the device that will have access. Ex: `voucher activate mysecret 00:11:22:33:44:55` ### `voucher deactivate` Deactivate a voucher of the specified `ID`. Params: - `ID`: a string used to identify the voucher. Ex: `voucher deactivate Qzt3WF` ### `voucher remove_voucher` Invalidates a voucher by changing it's expire date to 0. Params: - `voucher`: voucher secret Ex.: `voucher remove_voucher voucher-secret` ### `voucher is_mac_authorized` Check if a specific mac address is authorized. Params: - `mac`: a device's mac address Ex.: `voucher is_mac_authorized d0:82:7a:49:e2:37` ### `voucher renew_voucher` Change the expiration date of a voucher. Params: - `id`: the voucher ID. - `expiration-date`: the new date (unix time) that the voucher will expire Ex.: `voucher renew_voucher Qzt3WF 1619126965` # How it works It uses iptables rules to filter inbound connections outside the mesh network. ## General overview of file hierarchy and function ``` files/ /etc/config/pirania is the UCI config /etc/pirania/vouchers/ (default path) contains the database of vouchers /etc/init.d/pirania-uhttpd starts a uhttpd on port 59080 that replies any request with a redirect towards a preset URL /usr/lib/lua/voucher/ contains lua libraries used by /usr/bin/voucher /usr/bin/voucher is a CLI to manage the db (has functions list, list_active, show_authorized_macs, add, activate, deactivate and is_mac_authorized) /usr/bin/captive-portal sets up iptables rules to capture traffic /usr/libexec/rpcd/pirania ubus pirania API (this is used by the web frontend) /usr/share/rpcd/acl.d/pirania.json ACL for the ubus pirania API /etc/shared-state/publishers/shared-state-publish_vouchers inserts into shared-state the local voucher db /etc/shared-state/hooks/pirania/generate_vouchers bring updated or new vouchers from the shared-state database into the local voucher db /usr/lib/lua/read_for_access contains the library used by /usr/lib/lua/portal to manage access in read for access mode (aka without vouchers) ``` ## CLI usage example ``` $ voucher list $ voucher add san-notebook 60 Q3TJZS san-notebook ZRJUXN xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Wed Sep 8 23:47:40 2021 60 - 1 $ voucher list Q3TJZS san-notebook ZRJUXN xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Wed Sep 8 23:47:40 2021 60 - 1 $ voucher list_active $ voucher activate ZRJUXN 00:11:22:33:44:55 Voucher activated! $ voucher list Q3TJZS san-notebook ZRJUXN 00:11:22:33:44:55 Wed Sep 8 23:47:40 2021 60 Thu Sep 9 00:48:33 2021 2 $ voucher list_active Q3TJZS san-notebook ZRJUXN 00:11:22:33:44:55 Wed Sep 8 23:47:40 2021 60 Thu Sep 9 00:48:33 2021 2 $ voucher deactivate Q3TJZS ok $ voucher list_active $ voucher list Q3TJZS san-notebook ZRJUXN xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Wed Sep 8 23:47:40 2021 60 - 3 ``` ## ubus API * enable() -> calls to `captive-portal start` and enables it in the config * disable() -> calls to `captive-portal stop` and disables it in the config * show_url() -> return config `pirania.base_config.portal_url` * change_url(url) -> change config `pirania.base_config.portal_url` * ... ## Under the hood ### Trafic capture `/usr/bin/captive-portal` sets up iptables rules to capture traffic. It creates a set of rules that apply to 3 allowed "ipsets": * pirania-auth-macs: authorized macs go into this rule. starts empty. * pirania-allowlist-ipv4: with the members of the allowlist in the config file (10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12) * pirania-allowlist-ipv6: same as ipv4 but for ipv6 Rules: * DNS packets, that are not from the allowed ipsets, are redirected to our own captive portal DNS at 59053 * HTTP packets, that are not from the allowed ipsets, are redirected to our own captive portal HTTP at 59080 * packets from the allowed ipsets are allowed * the rest of the packets are rejeted (drop and send an error to the client) ### HTTP flow `/etc/init.d/pirania-uhttpd` starts a HTTP server (uhttpd) on port 59080 that replies any request with a redirect towards a preset URL. - In case that voucher usage is activated: `pirania.base_config.url_auth`. - Otherwise: `pirania.read_for_access.url_portal` This is performed by the lua script `/www/pirania-redirect/redirect`. As both url are in the allowlist ip range (http://thisnode.info/portal/ by default) then the "normal" HTTP server listening in port 80 will answer after the redirect. So the flow when using vouchers is: * navigate to a non allowed ip: for example `http://orignal.org/baz/?foo=bar` * get redirected with a 302 where you can put a voucher code to enter: `http://thisnode.info/cgi-bin/portal/auth.html?prev=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.org%2Fbaz%2F%3Ffoo%3Dbar` * submiting the form should perform a GET to `http://thisnode.info/cgi-bin/pirania/preactivate_voucher?voucher=secretcode&prev=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.org%2Fbaz%2F%3Ffoo%3Dbar` * The preactivate_voucher script does two different depending on javascript support: * If nojs=true then the voucher is activated with the client MAC (taken from the ARP table with its IP) and the voucher code. If the activation succeeds it redirects to `url_authenticated`. * If nojs=false there is a check if the voucher code would be valid (there is an unused and valid voucher with that code). If the voucher would be valid then a redirect to the portal INFO page(`pirania.base_config.url_info`) is performed with the voucher code as param url. The portal info shows the updated information of the community and there is a time that you have to wait to be able to continue (This is done with JS). When the timer reaches 0 you can click in continue. This redirects now to `http://thisnode.info/cgi-bin/pirania/activate_voucher?voucher=secretcode`. The `activate_voucher` script does the voucher activation. then it redirects to `url_authenticated`. If the code fails it will redirect to `http://thisnode.info/cgi-bin/portal/fail.html` that is identical to auth.html but with an error message. The flow without using vouchers (read for access mode) is: * navigate to a non allowed ip: for example `http://orignal.org/baz/?foo=bar` * get redirected with a 302 to: `http://thisnode.info/cgi-bin/portal/read_for_access.html?prev=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.org%2Fbaz%2F%3Ffoo%3Dbar` * Once there if the client has js support then a countdown of 15 seconds is shown and when it reaches 0 the user can click on continue, which sends a GET request to `http://minodo.info/cgi-bin/pirania/authorize_mac?prev=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.org%2Fbaz%2F%3Ffoo%3Dbar` which will trigger a redirection to `prev` url. * If there the client has no js support, then the buttonis enabled inmediately, and after clicking in continue a redirection to `url_authenticated` is triggered. ____ == Makefile [,make] ---- include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk PKG_NAME:=pirania PKG_VERSION=$(GIT_COMMIT_DATE)-$(GIT_COMMIT_TSTAMP) GIT_COMMIT_DATE:=$(shell git log -n 1 --pretty=%ad --date=short . ) GIT_COMMIT_TSTAMP:=$(shell git log -n 1 --pretty=%at . ) include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk define Package/$(PKG_NAME) SUBMENU:=Captive Portals SECTION:=net CATEGORY:=Network MAINTAINER:=Asociación Civil AlterMundi TITLE:=Captive portal with vouchers. DEPENDS:=+ip6tables-mod-nat +ipset +shared-state +shared-state-pirania \ +uhttpd-mod-lua +lime-system +luci-lib-jsonc \ +liblucihttp-lua +luci-lib-nixio +libubus-lua +libuci-lua PKGARCH:=all endef define Package/$(PKG_NAME)/description Captive Portal for routers that want to share their Internet connection via vouchers. endef define Build/Compile endef define Package/$(PKG_NAME)/install $(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/ $(CP) ./files/* $(1)/ endef $(eval $(call BuildPackage,$(PKG_NAME))) ----