This is tar.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.9.93 from tar.texi. This manual is for GNU 'tar' (version 1.32, 4 February 2019), which creates and extracts files from archives. Copyright (C) 1992, 1994-1997, 1999-2001, 2003-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual." INFO-DIR-SECTION Archiving START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Tar: (tar). Making tape (or disk) archives. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * tar: (tar)tar invocation. Invoking GNU 'tar'. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  Indirect: tar.info-1: 1140 tar.info-2: 303214  Tag Table: (Indirect) Node: Top1140 Node: Introduction10522 Node: Book Contents11309 Node: Definitions13481 Node: What tar Does15284 Node: Naming tar Archives18051 Node: Authors18772 Node: Reports20585 Node: Tutorial20942 Node: assumptions21755 Node: stylistic conventions24229 Node: basic tar options24672 Node: frequent operations28311 Node: Two Frequent Options28961 Node: file tutorial29592 Node: verbose tutorial30950 Ref: verbose member listing33164 Node: help tutorial35932 Node: create36287 Node: prepare for examples37725 Node: Creating the archive39494 Node: create verbose43081 Node: short create43901 Node: create dir46636 Node: list49344 Ref: listing member and file names50879 Node: list dir53498 Node: extract54510 Node: extracting archives55624 Node: extracting files56129 Ref: extracting files-Footnote-158015 Node: extract dir58395 Node: extracting untrusted archives60787 Node: failing commands61667 Node: going further63252 Node: tar invocation63465 Node: Synopsis65245 Ref: exit status68567 Node: using tar options70200 Ref: TAR_OPTIONS71780 Node: Styles72799 Ref: Styles-Footnote-174298 Node: Long Options74554 Node: Short Options76726 Ref: Short Options-Footnote-178534 Node: Old Options78751 Node: Mixing81514 Ref: Mixing-Footnote-183880 Node: All Options84000 Node: Operation Summary84636 Ref: --append84756 Ref: --catenate84837 Ref: --compare84909 Ref: --concatenate85113 Ref: --create85224 Ref: --delete85293 Ref: --diff85408 Ref: --extract85465 Ref: --get85568 Ref: --list85627 Ref: --update85696 Node: Option Summary85907 Ref: --absolute-names86062 Ref: --acls86354 Ref: --after-date86435 Ref: --anchored86488 Ref: --atime-preserve86621 Ref: --auto-compress89137 Ref: --backup89365 Ref: --block-number89557 Ref: --blocking-factor89732 Ref: --bzip289885 Ref: --check-device89993 Ref: --checkpoint90188 Ref: --checkpoint-action90631 Ref: --check-links91902 Ref: --compress92179 Ref: --uncompress92179 Ref: --clamp-mtime92384 Ref: --confirmation92424 Ref: --delay-directory-restore92493 Ref: --dereference92696 Ref: --directory92891 Ref: --exclude93145 Ref: --exclude-backups93265 Ref: --exclude-from93355 Ref: --exclude-caches93502 Ref: --exclude-caches-under93711 Ref: --exclude-caches-all93890 Ref: --exclude-ignore94020 Ref: --exclude-ignore-recursive94240 Ref: --exclude-tag94484 Ref: --exclude-tag-under94656 Ref: --exclude-tag-all94847 Ref: --exclude-vcs94977 Ref: --exclude-vcs-ignores95137 Ref: --file95530 Ref: --files-from95731 Ref: --force-local95935 Ref: --format96127 Ref: --full-time96802 Ref: --group97482 Ref: --group-map97809 Ref: --gzip98201 Ref: --gunzip98201 Ref: --ungzip98201 Ref: --hard-dereference98425 Ref: --help98612 Ref: --hole-detection98748 Ref: --ignore-case98984 Ref: --ignore-command-error99111 Ref: --ignore-failed-read99223 Ref: --ignore-zeros99365 Ref: --incremental99510 Ref: --index-file99776 Ref: --info-script99862 Ref: --new-volume-script99862 Ref: --interactive100160 Ref: --keep-directory-symlink100373 Ref: --keep-newer-files100922 Ref: --keep-old-files101065 Ref: --label101278 Ref: --level101567 Ref: --listed-incremental102007 Ref: --lzip102372 Ref: --lzma102473 Ref: --mode102675 Ref: --mtime102968 Ref: --multi-volume103648 Ref: --newer103854 Ref: --newer-mtime104133 Ref: --no-acls104358 Ref: --no-anchored104452 Ref: --no-auto-compress104589 Ref: --no-check-device104741 Ref: --no-delay-directory-restore104924 Ref: --no-ignore-case105173 Ref: --no-ignore-command-error105266 Ref: --no-null105422 Ref: --no-overwrite-dir105628 Ref: --no-quote-chars105772 Ref: --no-recursion105953 Ref: --no-same-owner106059 Ref: --no-same-permissions106243 Ref: --no-seek106446 Ref: --no-selinux106665 Ref: --no-unquote106766 Ref: --no-verbatim-files-from106904 Ref: --no-wildcards107405 Ref: --no-wildcards-match-slash107489 Ref: --no-xattrs107591 Ref: --null107694 Ref: --numeric-owner108045 Ref: --occurrence108697 Ref: --old-archive109265 Ref: --one-file-system109314 Ref: --one-top-level109492 Ref: --overwrite110128 Ref: --overwrite-dir110271 Ref: --owner110417 Ref: --owner-map110780 Ref: --pax-option111156 Ref: --portability111463 Ref: --posix111528 Ref: --preserve-order111570 Ref: --preserve-permissions111635 Ref: --same-permissions111635 Ref: --quote-chars112050 Ref: --quoting-style112203 Ref: --read-full-records112526 Ref: --record-size112692 Ref: --recursion113045 Ref: --recursive-unlink113150 Ref: --remove-files113313 Ref: --restrict113460 Ref: --rmt-command113649 Ref: --rsh-command113791 Ref: --same-order113914 Ref: --same-owner114207 Ref: --seek114586 Ref: --selinux114957 Ref: --show-defaults115058 Ref: --show-omitted-dirs115568 Ref: --show-snapshot-field-ranges115723 Ref: --show-transformed-names115920 Ref: --show-stored-names115920 Ref: --skip-old-files116310 Ref: --sort116761 Ref: --sparse117400 Ref: --sparse-version117540 Ref: --starting-file117766 Ref: --strip-components117956 Ref: --suffix118293 Ref: --tape-length118413 Ref: --test-label118838 Ref: --to-command118991 Ref: --to-stdout119151 Ref: --totals119305 Ref: --touch119537 Ref: --transform119740 Ref: --xform119740 Ref: --unlink-first120354 Ref: --unquote120518 Ref: --use-compress-program120625 Ref: --utc120804 Ref: --verbatim-files-from120898 Ref: --verbose121742 Ref: --verify121995 Ref: --version122114 Ref: --volno-file122287 Ref: --warning122475 Ref: --wildcards122653 Ref: --wildcards-match-slash122773 Ref: --xattrs122865 Ref: --xattrs-exclude122964 Ref: --xattrs-include123091 Ref: --xz123347 Ref: Option Summary-Footnote-1123570 Node: Short Option Summary123789 Node: Position-Sensitive Options126701 Ref: Position-Sensitive Options-Footnote-1130190 Node: help130352 Ref: help-Footnote-1134187 Node: defaults134398 Node: verbose135417 Ref: totals137720 Ref: Progress information139310 Ref: show-omitted-dirs140289 Ref: block-number140708 Ref: verbose-Footnote-1141735 Node: checkpoints141842 Ref: checkpoint wait147907 Ref: checkpoint exec148503 Node: warnings150532 Node: interactive154134 Node: external156233 Node: operations157821 Node: Basic tar158063 Ref: Basic tar-Footnote-1161170 Node: Advanced tar161314 Node: Operations162159 Node: append164054 Ref: append-Footnote-1167151 Node: appending files167338 Node: multiple169075 Node: update171797 Node: how to update172774 Node: concatenate174555 Ref: concatenate-Footnote-1177803 Node: delete177946 Node: compare179720 Node: create options181154 Node: override181641 Node: Extended File Attributes188702 Node: Ignore Failed Read193330 Node: extract options193935 Node: Reading194768 Node: read full records196268 Node: Ignore Zeros196603 Node: Writing197594 Node: Dealing with Old Files198151 Node: Overwrite Old Files200953 Node: Keep Old Files202410 Node: Keep Newer Files203217 Node: Unlink First203507 Node: Recursive Unlink203911 Node: Data Modification Times204464 Node: Setting Access Permissions205274 Node: Directory Modification Times and Permissions205906 Node: Writing to Standard Output209519 Node: Writing to an External Program211054 Node: remove files214644 Node: Scarce214837 Node: Starting File215085 Node: Same Order215886 Node: backup216722 Node: looking ahead219814 Node: Backups220634 Node: Full Dumps222215 Node: Incremental Dumps224024 Ref: --level=0226938 Ref: device numbers227471 Ref: incremental-op231454 Ref: Incremental Dumps-Footnote-1231828 Ref: Incremental Dumps-Footnote-2231978 Node: Backup Levels232466 Node: Backup Parameters234853 Node: General-Purpose Variables236034 Ref: RSH239202 Node: Magnetic Tape Control241086 Node: User Hooks242425 Node: backup-specs example243758 Node: Scripted Backups244898 Ref: Scripted Backups-Footnote-1247763 Node: Scripted Restoration248147 Node: Choosing250753 Node: file251875 Ref: remote-dev254511 Ref: local and remote archives254896 Node: Selecting Archive Members255927 Ref: input name quoting256608 Node: files258583 Ref: verbatim-files-from261290 Ref: no-verbatim-files-from261550 Ref: files-Footnote-1262292 Node: nul262450 Node: exclude264908 Ref: exclude-vcs-ignores266466 Ref: exclude-vcs268179 Ref: exclude-Footnote-1272115 Ref: exclude-Footnote-2272369 Node: problems with exclude272440 Node: wildcards274490 Node: controlling pattern-matching277073 Ref: anchored patterns279714 Ref: case-insensitive matches279984 Ref: controlling pattern-matching-Footnote-1281061 Node: quoting styles281278 Ref: escape sequences281623 Node: transform287567 Ref: show-transformed-names289558 Node: after295749 Node: recurse299351 Node: one303214 Node: directory304647 Node: absolute307746 Ref: absolute-Footnote-1311073 Node: Date input formats311424 Node: General date syntax313820 Node: Calendar date items316797 Node: Time of day items318794 Node: Time zone items320990 Node: Combined date and time of day items322240 Node: Day of week items323095 Node: Relative items in date strings324103 Node: Pure numbers in date strings326905 Node: Seconds since the Epoch327886 Node: Specifying time zone rules329506 Node: Authors of parse_datetime331879 Ref: Authors of get_date332058 Node: Formats333021 Node: Compression337696 Node: gzip337988 Ref: alternative decompression programs340473 Ref: auto-compress344072 Ref: use-compress-program344907 Ref: gzip-Footnote-1346874 Ref: gzip-Footnote-2346923 Node: lbzip2347063 Node: sparse348160 Node: Attributes352704 Node: Portability358366 Node: Portable Names359852 Node: dereference360557 Node: hard links361684 Ref: hard links-Footnote-1364569 Node: old364625 Node: ustar365808 Node: gnu366411 Node: posix367288 Node: PAX keywords367769 Node: Checksumming373767 Node: Large or Negative Values375711 Node: Other Tars377312 Node: Split Recovery378448 Node: Sparse Recovery382197 Ref: extracting sparse v0x385826 Ref: Sparse Recovery-Footnote-1389115 Ref: Sparse Recovery-Footnote-2389138 Node: cpio389259 Node: Media394020 Node: Device395971 Ref: size-suffixes400762 Node: Remote Tape Server401902 Node: Common Problems and Solutions405566 Node: Blocking405958 Ref: Blocking-Footnote-1412442 Node: Format Variations412546 Node: Blocking Factor413461 Node: Many425112 Node: Tape Positioning428906 Node: mt430782 Node: Using Multiple Tapes432339 Node: Multi-Volume Archives434405 Ref: tape-length435890 Ref: change volume prompt436445 Ref: volno-file437312 Ref: info-script437865 Ref: Multi-Volume Archives-Footnote-1443450 Ref: Multi-Volume Archives-Footnote-2443560 Node: Tape Files443628 Node: Tarcat445113 Node: label446158 Ref: --test-label option447746 Ref: label-Footnote-1451197 Ref: label-Footnote-2451306 Ref: label-Footnote-3451439 Node: verify451674 Node: Write Protection454974 Node: Reliability and security455804 Node: Reliability456192 Node: Permissions problems456970 Node: Data corruption and repair457409 Node: Race conditions458336 Node: Security460075 Node: Privacy460678 Node: Integrity461927 Node: Live untrusted data464138 Node: Security rules of thumb466477 Node: Changes468005 Node: Recipes471594 Node: copy directory hierarchy471879 Node: intermediate directories472683 Ref: intermediate directories-Footnote-1475048 Node: Configuring Help Summary475172 Node: Fixing Snapshot Files481688 Node: Tar Internals485057 Node: Standard485389 Node: Extensions507531 Node: Sparse Formats510821 Node: Old GNU Format512110 Node: PAX 0514497 Node: PAX 1517611 Node: Snapshot Files519320 Node: Dumpdir524918 Node: Genfile528148 Node: Generate Mode529244 Node: Status Mode534484 Node: Exec Mode536286 Node: Free Software Needs Free Documentation539342 Node: GNU Free Documentation License544323 Node: Index of Command Line Options569498 Node: Index597797  End Tag Table