.\" $OpenBSD: PEM_read.3,v 1.6 2018/05/13 14:44:14 schwarze Exp $ .\" OpenSSL 99d63d46 Oct 26 13:56:48 2016 -0400 .\" .\" This file was written by Viktor Dukhovni .\" and by Rich Salz . .\" Copyright (c) 2016 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in .\" the documentation and/or other materials provided with the .\" distribution. .\" .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this .\" software must display the following acknowledgment: .\" "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project .\" for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)" .\" .\" 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to .\" endorse or promote products derived from this software without .\" prior written permission. For written permission, please contact .\" openssl-core@openssl.org. .\" .\" 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL" .\" nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written .\" permission of the OpenSSL Project. .\" .\" 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following .\" acknowledgment: .\" "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project .\" for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)" .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY .\" EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR .\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR .\" ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, .\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, .\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED .\" OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: May 13 2018 $ .Dt PEM_READ 3 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm PEM_write , .Nm PEM_write_bio , .Nm PEM_read , .Nm PEM_read_bio , .Nm PEM_do_header , .Nm PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO .Nd PEM encoding routines .Sh SYNOPSIS .In openssl/pem.h .Ft int .Fo PEM_write .Fa "FILE *fp" .Fa "const char *name" .Fa "const char *header" .Fa "const unsigned char *data" .Fa "long len" .Fc .Ft int .Fo PEM_write_bio .Fa "BIO *bp" .Fa "const char *name" .Fa "const char *header" .Fa "ocnst unsigned char *data" .Fa "long len" .Fc .Ft int .Fo PEM_read .Fa "FILE *fp" .Fa "char **name" .Fa "char **header" .Fa "unsigned char **data" .Fa "long *len" .Fc .Ft int .Fo PEM_read_bio .Fa "BIO *bp" .Fa "char **name" .Fa "char **header" .Fa "unsigned char **data" .Fa "long *len" .Fc .Ft int .Fo PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO .Fa "char *header" .Fa "EVP_CIPHER_INFO *cinfo" .Fc .Ft int .Fo PEM_do_header .Fa "EVP_CIPHER_INFO *cinfo" .Fa "unsigned char *data" .Fa "long *len" .Fa "pem_password_cb *cb" .Fa "void *u" .Fc .Sh DESCRIPTION These functions read and write PEM-encoded objects, using the PEM type .Fa name , any additional .Fa header information, and the raw .Fa data of length .Fa len . .Pp PEM is the binary content encoding first defined in IETF RFC 1421. The content is a series of base64-encoded lines, surrounded by begin/end markers each on their own line. For example: .Bd -literal -offset indent -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIICdg.... \&... bhTQ== -----END PRIVATE KEY----- .Ed .Pp Optional header line(s) may appear after the begin line, and their existence depends on the type of object being written or read. .Pp .Fn PEM_write writes to the file .Fa fp , while .Fn PEM_write_bio writes to the BIO .Fa bp . The .Fa name is the name to use in the marker, the .Fa header is the header value or .Dv NULL , and .Fa data and .Fa len specify the data and its length. .Pp The final .Fa data buffer is typically an ASN.1 object which can be decoded with the .Fn d2i_* function appropriate to the type .Fa name ; see .Xr d2i_X509 3 for examples. .Pp .Fn PEM_read reads from the file .Fa fp , while .Fn PEM_read_bio reads from the BIO .Fa bp . Both skip any non-PEM data that precedes the start of the next PEM object. When an object is successfully retrieved, the type name from the "----BEGIN -----" is returned via the .Fa name argument, any encapsulation headers are returned in .Fa header , and the base64-decoded content and its length are returned via .Fa data and .Fa len , respectively. The .Fa name , .Fa header , and .Fa data pointers should be freed by the caller when no longer needed. .Pp The remaining functions are deprecated because the underlying PEM encryption format is obsolete and should be avoided. It uses an encryption format with an OpenSSL-specific key-derivation function, which employs MD5 with an iteration count of 1. Instead, private keys should be stored in PKCS#8 form, with a strong PKCS#5 v2.0 PBE; see .Xr PEM_write_PrivateKey 3 and .Xr d2i_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio 3 . .Pp .Fn PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO can be used to determine the .Fa data returned by .Fn PEM_read or .Fn PEM_read_bio is encrypted and to retrieve the associated cipher and IV. The caller passes a pointer to a structure of type .Vt EVP_CIPHER_INFO via the .Fa cinfo argument and the .Fa header returned via .Fn PEM_read or .Fn PEM_read_bio . If the call is successful, 1 is returned and the cipher and IV are stored at the address pointed to by .Fa cinfo . When the header is malformed or not supported or when the cipher is unknown or some internal error happens, 0 is returned. .Pp .Fn PEM_do_header can then be used to decrypt the data if the header indicates encryption. The .Fa cinfo argument is a pointer to the structure initialized by the previous call to .Fn PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO . The .Fa data and .Fa len arguments are those returned by the previous call to .Fn PEM_read or .Fn PEM_read_bio . The .Fa cb and .Fa u arguments make it possible to override the default password prompt function as described in .Xr PEM_read_PrivateKey 3 . On successful completion, the .Fa data is decrypted in place, and .Fa len is updated to indicate the plaintext length. .Pp If the data is a priori known to not be encrypted, then neither .Fn PEM_do_header nor .Fn PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO need to be called. .Sh RETURN VALUES .Fn PEM_read and .Fn PEM_read_bio return 1 on success or 0 on failure. The latter includes the case when no more PEM objects remain in the input file. To distinguish end of file from more serious errors, the caller must peek at the error stack and check for .Dv PEM_R_NO_START_LINE , which indicates that no more PEM objects were found. See .Xr ERR_peek_last_error 3 and .Xr ERR_GET_REASON 3 . .Pp .Fn PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO and .Fn PEM_do_header return 1 on success or 0 on failure. The .Fa data is likely meaningless if these functions fail. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr d2i_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio 3 , .Xr ERR_GET_LIB 3 , .Xr ERR_peek_last_error 3 , .Xr PEM_bytes_read_bio 3 , .Xr PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey 3 .Sh HISTORY .Fn PEM_write , .Fn PEM_read , and .Fn PEM_do_header appeared in SSLeay 0.4 or earlier. .Fn PEM_get_EVP_CIPHER_INFO first appeared in SSLeay 0.5.1. .Fn PEM_write_bio and .Fn PEM_read_bio first appeared in SSLeay 0.6.0. These functions have been available since .Ox 2.4 .