/* * cros-vbutil - Tool for signing kernels using the Chromium OS verified boot * format, using widely-shared "developer" keys. The output of this tool is * intended to be written to a GPT partition of type "Chrome OS Kernel", such * that a Chromium OS bootloader can find it. * * Much of this is adapted from Google's vboot_reference project found here: * https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/vboot_reference * * Copyright (c) 2010 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: * * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * Rewritten: * Copyright (c) 2021 Brian Norris * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published * by the Free Software Foundation. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define BLOCK_PAD 65536 /* Sections are aligned to 4K blocks */ #define ALIGN 4096 #define ROUNDUP(x) (((x) + (ALIGN-1)) & ~(ALIGN-1)) /* * Signature size, in bytes. This is an RSA-2048 encryption of a SHA256 hash. */ #define SIG_SIZE (2048 / 8) /* * From vboot_reference: tests/devkeys/kernel.keyblock */ static const unsigned char keyblock[] = { 0x43, 0x48, 0x52, 0x4f, 0x4d, 0x45, 0x4f, 0x53, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb8, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xcb, 0x02, 0x40, 0x41, 0x1d, 0x2d, 0x86, 0x0f, 0x6d, 0x53, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x9b, 0x1b, 0xca, 0xdc, 0x22, 0xc4, 0xc2, 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0xc6, 0xf9, 0x5f, 0x27, 0xa5, 0xc9, 0x61, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xaf, 0x62, 0x77, 0x42, 0xb6, 0x27, 0x5f, 0xed, 0x96, 0x86, 0xb3, 0xef, 0x32, 0x31, 0x43, 0x2e, 0x7b, 0xaf, 0x5b, 0xe2, 0x75, 0x82, 0x72, 0xad, 0x3b, 0x5d, 0x92, 0xc1, 0x15, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x21, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xaa, 0xc4, 0xe2, 0xd7, 0x99, 0x83, 0x6c, 0x72, 0x39, 0x6f, 0x35, 0x20, 0x9d, 0xe0, 0xd8, 0xf8, 0xdb, 0x72, 0x24, 0xe5, 0x8d, 0x29, 0xfd, 0x24, 0x7b, 0xbc, 0x48, 0xe9, 0xbb, 0xc2, 0x84, 0xc7, 0xb9 }; static unsigned int keyblock_len = sizeof(keyblock); /* * RSA 2048-bit key from vboot_reference: * tests/devkeys/kernel_data_key.vbprivk, minus the 8-byte custom header. */ static const unsigned char privk[] = { 0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa3, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xcb, 0xd6, 0x54, 0x2b, 0xbf, 0xec, 0x42, 0x27, 0xb1, 0x3c, 0x70, 0x81, 0x72, 0xe2, 0xc2, 0xd0, 0x12, 0x10, 0x52, 0x53, 0x90, 0xd7, 0x72, 0x2b, 0x90, 0x23, 0xbb, 0x32, 0x1d, 0x86, 0x89, 0x23, 0x7b, 0x1c, 0x94, 0x05, 0xc3, 0xd4, 0x06, 0xd9, 0xe8, 0x2c, 0x5c, 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from start of this struct */ uint32_t sig_offset; uint32_t reserved0; /* Size of signature data in bytes */ uint32_t sig_size; uint32_t reserved1; /* Size of the data block which was signed in bytes */ uint32_t data_size; uint32_t reserved2; } __attribute__((packed)); /* * Preamble block for kernel, version 2.2 * * This should be followed by: * 1) The signature data for the kernel body, pointed to by * body_signature.sig_offset. * 2) The signature data for (vb2_kernel_preamble + body signature data), * pointed to by preamble_signature.sig_offset. * 3) The 16-bit vmlinuz header, which is used for reconstruction of * vmlinuz image. */ struct vb2_kernel_preamble { /* * Size of this preamble, including keys, signatures, vmlinuz header, * and padding, in bytes */ uint32_t preamble_size; uint32_t reserved0; /* Signature for this preamble (header + body signature) */ struct vb2_signature preamble_signature; /* Version of this header format */ uint32_t header_version_major; uint32_t header_version_minor; /* Kernel version */ uint32_t kernel_version; uint32_t reserved1; /* Load address for kernel body */ uint64_t body_load_address; /* Address of bootloader, after body is loaded at body_load_address */ uint64_t bootloader_address; /* Size of bootloader in bytes */ uint32_t bootloader_size; uint32_t reserved2; /* Signature for the kernel body */ struct vb2_signature body_signature; /* Address of 16-bit header for vmlinuz reassembly. */ uint64_t vmlinuz_header_address; /* Size of 16-bit header for vmlinuz in bytes. */ uint32_t vmlinuz_header_size; uint32_t reserved3; uint32_t flags; } __attribute__((packed)); /* * Order matters. |data| may overlap with |siginfo|, so we need to fill out * |siginfo| before computing the signature. */ static int sign(const void *data, size_t len, struct vb2_signature *siginfo, void *sigout) { unsigned char hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH]; SHA256_CTX sha256; int ret; memset(siginfo, 0, sizeof(*siginfo)); siginfo->sig_offset = (uintptr_t)(void *)sigout - (uintptr_t)(void *)siginfo; siginfo->sig_size = SIG_SIZE; siginfo->data_size = len; const unsigned char *p = privk; char digest_info[] = { 0x30, 0x31, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x20, }; uint8_t digest[sizeof(digest_info) + sizeof(hash)]; SHA256_Init(&sha256); SHA256_Update(&sha256, data, len); SHA256_Final(hash, &sha256); memcpy(digest, digest_info, sizeof(digest_info)); memcpy(digest + sizeof(digest_info), hash, sizeof(hash)); RSA *key = d2i_RSAPrivateKey(0, &p, privk_len); if (!key) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed d2i_RSAPrivateKey()\n"); return -1; } ret = RSA_private_encrypt(sizeof(digest), digest, sigout, key, RSA_PKCS1_PADDING); if (ret == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: RSA_private_encrypt() failed\n", __func__); return -1; } return 0; } static struct vb2_kernel_preamble * generate_preamble(const void *kblob, size_t kblob_len, size_t kernel_len, size_t config_len) { struct vb2_kernel_preamble *h; uint32_t signed_size = sizeof(struct vb2_kernel_preamble) + SIG_SIZE; uint32_t block_size = signed_size + SIG_SIZE; int ret; if (block_size + keyblock_len < BLOCK_PAD) block_size = BLOCK_PAD - keyblock_len; h = (struct vb2_kernel_preamble *)calloc(block_size, 1); if (!h) { perror("calloc"); return NULL; } /* Sign the body, place the signature in the preamble */ ret = sign(kblob, kblob_len, &h->body_signature, h + 1); if (ret) { fprintf(stderr, "sign() failed: %d\n", ret); return NULL; } h->header_version_major = 2; h->header_version_minor = 2; h->preamble_size = block_size; h->kernel_version = 1; h->body_load_address = 0x100000; /* * "Bootloder" area (currently empty) is after kernel + config + * parameter page. */ h->bootloader_address = h->body_load_address + ROUNDUP(kernel_len) + ROUNDUP(config_len) + ALIGN; h->bootloader_size = 0x1000; h->vmlinuz_header_address = 0; h->vmlinuz_header_size = 0; h->flags = 0; ret = sign(h, signed_size, &h->preamble_signature, (void *)(h + 1) + SIG_SIZE); if (ret) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to sign preamble: %d\n", ret); return NULL; } return h; } /* * Distilled from vboot_reference futility/cmd_vbutil_kernel.c pack command. * * NB: "config" is the kernel cmdline */ static int vbutil_pack(const char *kernel, size_t kernel_len, const char *config, size_t config_len, void **out, size_t *out_len) { size_t kblob_len = ROUNDUP(kernel_len) + ROUNDUP(config_len) + ALIGN + ALIGN; void *kblob = malloc(kblob_len); if (!kblob) { perror("malloc"); return -1; } void *kp = kblob; memset(kblob, 0, kblob_len); /* Kernel */ memcpy(kp, kernel, kernel_len); kp += ROUNDUP(kernel_len); /* Kernel command line */ memcpy(kp, config, config_len); kp += ROUNDUP(config_len); /* "Parameters" -- empty, 4K-aligned */ /* "Bootloader" region -- empty, 4K-aligned */ /* Vmlinuz header -- only for x86 (not currently supported), empty */ struct vb2_kernel_preamble *h; h = generate_preamble(kblob, kblob_len, kernel_len, config_len); if (!h) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to generate preamble\n"); return -1; } size_t outlen = sizeof(keyblock) + h->preamble_size + kblob_len; void *outbuf = malloc(outlen); if (!outbuf) return -1; void *p = outbuf; memcpy(p, keyblock, sizeof(keyblock)); p += sizeof(keyblock); memcpy(p, h, h->preamble_size); p += h->preamble_size; memcpy(p, kblob, kblob_len); p += kblob_len; if (outbuf) { *out = outbuf; *out_len = outlen; } return 0; } static void * read_file(const char *path, size_t *out_len) { struct stat st; int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); if (fd == -1) { perror("failed to open"); return NULL; } if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) { perror("fstat"); return NULL; } size_t len = st.st_size; void *p = malloc(len); if (!p) return NULL; size_t count = 0; while (count < len) { ssize_t ret = read(fd, p + count, len - count); if (ret < 0) { perror("read"); return NULL; } count += ret; } close(fd); *out_len = len; return p; } int main(int argc, char * const argv[]) { int ret; const char *kernel_file = NULL; const char *out_file = NULL; const char *cmdline = NULL; size_t cmdline_len; void *kernel; size_t kernel_len; void *out; size_t out_len; int opt; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "k:c:o:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'k': kernel_file = optarg; break; case 'c': cmdline = optarg; break; case 'o': out_file = optarg; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Usage [-k ] [-c ] -o \n"); return -1; } } if (optind < argc) { fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected args?\n"); return -1; } if (!out_file || !cmdline || !kernel_file) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing required argument\n"); return -1; } /* Include the \0 terminator */ cmdline_len = strlen(cmdline) + 1; kernel = read_file(kernel_file, &kernel_len); if (!kernel) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to read kernel file: %s\n", kernel_file); return -1; } ret = vbutil_pack(kernel, kernel_len, cmdline, cmdline_len, &out, &out_len); if (ret) return ret; int fd = open(out_file, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644); if (fd == -1) { perror("open"); return -1; } ret = write(fd, out, out_len); if (ret == -1) { perror("write"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }