Null coalescing operators return the right hand side of an expression of the left hand side is null. 1. The `??` operator returns the right hand side of the expression if the left hand side evaluates to `null`. -- Expect stdout -- is null false 0 -- End -- -- Testcase -- {% x = null; y = false; z = 0; print(x ?? "is null", "\n"); print(y ?? "is null", "\n"); print(z ?? "is null", "\n"); %} -- End -- 2. The `??=` nullish assignment operator sets the left hand side variable or value to the right hand side expression if the existing value is null. -- Expect stdout -- is null false 0 -- End -- -- Testcase -- {% x = null; y = false; z = 0; x ??= "is null"; y ??= "is null"; z ??= "is null"; print(x, "\n"); print(y, "\n"); print(z, "\n"); %} -- End --